L casper



No. 620,086. v Pltonnll Feb. 21, |899'.

L cgsrm ELECTRIC HETER. (Appl/:Quan mea my. 151a91.)

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3 Sheath-Shea! I.

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Jaublv 62267961;

- u. 620,036. mma nu. 2|, man.y

. L. cAsPEn.

ELECTRIC HEATER.

(Applicatinn Blad NW. 15, 1897.)

(l. nml.) 25mm-4am z.A

n Y522/622251' fm@ kJ/wn y lo. $20,086. Plivontoll Fol. 2|, |899. n

L. cAsPEn. ELECTRIC HEATER.

(Applientian M luv. 1B, 1807.)

(lo Idol.) 3 Shuh-Slmt '3.

- @www f UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LOUIS CASPER; OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-IIALF TO ARTHUR II. PEIRCE, -OF SAME PLACE.

ELECTRIC` HEATER.

SPECU'IGATIQN forming part of Letters Patent No. 620,086, dated February "21, 1899.

Application filed November 15,1897. Serial No. 658,558. (No model.) l

ToV all whom it may'concern:

Be it known that-I, LOUIS CASPER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in" the county of .Cook and State of Illinois, have 5 invented a new and useful Improvement in v Electric Heaters,- of which the following is a A specification.

My invention relates to improvements in electric heaters for cars and apartments gen` lo erally,.and more especially, though not'neca5 the seat at one side; Fig. 2, a broken view, partly in section and partly in elevation, of

,.-ithe electric-heating device; Fig. 3, an enbroken section of one end portion of the device; Figs. 4, 5, and 6, sections taken, '3o respectively, on lines 4, 5, and 6 of Fig. 3 and viewed as indicated by the arrows; Fig. 7, an .enlarged broken sectional view showing the ends of carbon or other rods of, high resistance coupled together in circuit; Fig. `8,- a viewin elevation of the coup1ingpiece,and

triccircut. A is a railway-car, having the seat or bench Brat one side. C is my improvedheating device formed with'an outer shell or cylinder t. Screwed into the end of the cylinder is an internallyv threaded spacing-ring 3.

.Dis a heating-chamber having an outer cylindrical wall fr, an annular end wall q, an 'inner cylindrical wall q', and an inner end wall q. The cylinder o' is provided along its open end portion with a thread r', at which it is secured in the spacing-ring s to extend 5e with its walls 'rrq' concentric with the wallt and extend at its th readedend beyond the end abroken diagram illustrating the elec.

contraction. The-couplings H are'dispos'ed of the cylinder. Screwed upon the thread r', against the spacing-ring s, is a capp. The shell tsur'rounds or contains a chamber C', into which the device D projects, leaving an outer annular space n between the walls t r and an inner space n', the said spaces being iu open communication wit-h the chamber C'. The device D, with the cap p,- forms a close preferably 'gas-tight holder, having the end 6o chambe:` l between the wall q and cap p and annular chamber l' between the walls g(i r. Fitting the chamber Z are annular supporting and spacing rings 7:, k', of slate, asbestos, magnesia, or other'non-conducting material.

The rings are provided with inner and-outer series ot' coincident openings k2.

E and F are outer and inner series of resistance-rods which rest in and are spaced by the openings )la2 of the rings' k k'. I prefer to employ rods of carbon, though I do not limit myself tol that material, as any other substance possessing the' desired resistance and strength and in other respects suitable for the purpose may be employed. `'Extending 75 through the center of the head'p and insulated from the vhead is a binding-post i, having a contact 'i' at the inner side of the head. Also extending through the headpis a bindingpost h, having a contact h' at the inner side of the head. 4

G is a contact-finger, preferably of spring metal, terminating at one end in a sleeve or collar f, which fits upon the end of one'of the rods E. At its free end the finger bears 85 against the contact i'.

G is a contact-finger having a sleeve-or collar f', which fits upon the end of one of the rods F, the linger at its opposite end bearing against the contact h'.

H H are metallic coupling-pieces, each comprisinga body portion or web e, with sleeves e at opposite ends. The sleeves e' of each coupling are just .far` enough apart to engage the ends of two adjacent resistance-rods, and in order that they may fit the ends of the rods closely and conform to slight differences in size of the rods I prefer to form the sleeves with slots e2 to permit limited expansion and :oo as shown in Figs.5 and 6, which show the" opposite ends of the heater.A Thebinding-I posts t h are connected through wires i h2 into circuit with a suitable electric generator or supplier. Presumingtbat the current enters at the binding-post -z"it passes through the cont-act G to the iirst rod 'rv of the series of rods E. The rod at its opposite end is joined by a coupling H to the nextlrod of the' series, the rod being joined at the end adjacent to the head p with the next rod x2 of the series, the coupling being performed in the manner indicated by xe diagram in Fig. 9, whereby the series of rods forma convolnted passage for the current. The last rod fc3 of the series E is joined by a. coupling.

H with the first rod y of the series F. The rods of the series F are also joined by couplings H to form a convoluted lpassage for the current, as indicated by diagram in Fig. 9, the final rod y' carrying the finger G'.

The chamber C may form the heater for a hot water or other liquid heating system and have the return-pipe d and outlet-pipe d', which connect with suitable radiators. The chamber C' is iilled with Water through a short projecting pipe havingascrew-cap d, and .at the side ofthe shell is a glass gage d3, which shows the water-level in the shell. under side of the shell isa drainage-valve d4, and at the top of the'shell is a safety-valve d5. The chamber Z Z', as before stated, is preferably gas-tight, and I. prefer to exhaust the atmosphere therefrom to prolongthe life of the carbon rod. The head p is provided with a cock p', through which the air may be exhausted. -If desired, the chambers ZZ' may be tilled with nitrogen or other suitable and incombustible gas. I prefer, as before stated, to withdraw the air from the chambers ZZ', and as a-further means'for abstractng the' oxygen from the chamber I provides shelf. or trough b at thel under side of the series F, oet'ween it and the series E, to hold copper lilings or the like, which when heated to a. high temperature will absorb oxygen. I prefer to provide the inner surfaces of the walls q fr with a thin coating a of heat-absorbing material, such as lampblac'lr.

l In practice the current in its passage through the convoluted series of resistancerods is converted into heat energy and heats the water in the outer' and inner chambers n n', and consequently the body of Water in the chamber C'. Y As I prefer to construct the device, the shell C is provided with heaters in opposite ends, and the shell may be of any length desired.

While I prefer to construct my improvements throughout-as shown and described, they may be variously modiiied without departing from the spirit of my invention as deined by .the claims. 1f desired, the water heating system may be dispensed with, and the carbon rods confined in a close chamber the walls of which are'exposed directlyto the 1 atmosphere to heat a csr or apartment by direct radiation. I prefer, however-,to employ the hot-liquid heatin g system for the mason remain fluid under a lower temperature than water to prevent freezing when out of usel in very cold' weather.-

, What I claim as new, and desire to secure A 1. Inan electric-heating device.tho combination of a duid-chamber, a `heatug-clmlnbnl' arranged within the duid-chamber to provide a surrounding space, insulated supports in the heating-chamber, a series of resistancerodsmounted in the supports, coupling-conductors cvonnectingthe rods at opposite end portions in convoluted series, a removable cover closing the outer end of the heating-4 chamber, electric-circuit posts on said cover, and'fingers on the first/and last rods in contact with said posts, substantially vas doscribed. o

2. In an electric-heating device, the combination of a cylindrical duid-chamber, a. cylindrical heating-chamber concentrically supported in the-fluid-chamber by a. spacingring and having inner and outer walls in fluid contact, a covervremovably secured to the outer end.of the heating-chamber and provided with electrical circuit posts and'contacts, insulating-rings in the heating-chamber between the inner and outer. walls, aseries of resistance-rods mounted in the insulating-rings, coupling-conductors con necliug the rods at opposite end portionsin convoluted series, and fingers on the lirst and last rods of the series for said contact, substantially as described. v

3. Iu'an electric-heatin g device, the combination of a cylindrical fluid-chamber, a. cy' lindrical heating-chamber having inner and outer walls, an 'inner closed end andan. opened outer en d exteriorly threaded, a spacing-ring concentrically. supporting the heating-chamber within the fluid-chamber with the outer threaded end of the heating-chamber projecting from lthe end of the latter, a. cover removably screwed on the'projecting end of the heating-chamber and provided with electrical circuit posts and contacts, insulating-rings in, the heating-chamber between the inner and outer wal1s,'a series of resistance-rods mounted in the insulatingrings, coupling conductors connecting the IIO rods at opposite end portions in convoluted Louis cnsrnn.

'In presence of-. M. J. Fnos'r, R. T. Sums. 

